Create Yeardata Update from CPWebService View WebService
| # | Year | Year Summary | Last Update | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | 1842 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative). US President is John Tyler (I-Virginia). Income Tax Act introduces the first peacetime income tax in Britain at 7 pence on the pound for incomes over 150 pounds. The half farthing coin is made legal tender. Paleontologist Richard Owen coins the term "Dinosaur". John Kilner & Co start making Kilner jars, JMW Turner paints and Alfred Tennyson writes poems. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 102 | 1844 | 1844 is MDCCCXLIV. Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative). US President is John Tyler (I-Virginia). Factory Act forces a maximum 12-hour working day for women, and a maximum 6-hour day for children aged 6 to 13. Bank Charter Act restricts powers of British banks (not Bank of England) to issue banknotes of the pound sterling. Imprisonment for debt abolished in England. The first electrical telegram is sent by Sam Morse. Charles Goodyear patents vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber. James K. Polk wins December U.S. presidential election. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 103 | 1846 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative) then on 30 June it is Lord John Russell (Whig). US President is James K. Polk (D-Tennessee). In America the Liberty Bell is cracked while being rung for George Washington's birthday. In the UK railways are being built everywhere and Parliament rules all new railways in Great Britain should be built to standard gauge. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 104 | 1847 | <strong>In UK</strong>: Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig), who wins an August General Election. The House of Lords in the Palace of Westminster opens. Factory Act limits a maximum 10-hour working day for women, and for boys 13–18. The Brontë sisters all publish novels under pen names, like Emily Brontë's "<em>Wuthering Heights</em>" under the name of Ellis Bell.<br /><strong>In USA</strong>: President is James K. Polk (D-Tennessee) and Vice President George M. Dallas (D-Pennsylvania). Samuel Colt sells his first revolver (the <em>Colt Walker</em>) to the the Texas Rangers. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) continues. Yerba Buena, California is renamed to San Francisco, California. First USA postage stamps issued, featuring George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. | 23-Jun-2021 10:33 | |
| 105 | 1849 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig). US President is James Knox Polk (D-Tennessee), and then on March 4 it is Zachary Taylor (W-Kentucky). Polk is the first sitting US President to have his photograph taken. Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the United States' first woman doctor. Karl Marx moves from Paris to London (and lives there until his death). Charles Dickens serialises <em>David Copperfield</em>. The design of the <em>Staunton chess set</em> is registered by Nathaniel Cooke. Two shilling coin (florin), showing the Queen wearing a crown, is introduced partly to test public opinion on possible decimalization of the currency. | 26-Feb-2021 13:05 | |
| 106 | 1852 | In the UK: Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig), then on 23 February is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative), then on 19 December is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). Great Ormond Street Hospital in London opens as <em>The Hospital for Sick Children</em>. Charles Dickens' novel <em>Bleak House</em> is serialised.<br />In the USA: President is Millard Fillmore (W-New York). The California Gold Rush continues (1848–1855). | 08-Nov-2023 14:21 | |
| 107 | 1853 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). US President is Millard Fillmore (W-New York) and then on March 4 it is Franklin Pierce (D-New Hampshire). The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) continues. The Halifax Permanent Benefit Building Society opens. Manchester is granted City status. The world's first public aquarium is opened in London Zoo. The Crimean War starts. <em>West Australian</em> becomes the first horse to win the English Triple Crown, winning the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 108 | 1854 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). US President is Franklin Pierce (D-New Hampshire). It's the Crimean War; Florence Nightingale and other trained volunteer nurses go to assist; Victory at the the <em>Battle of Balaclava</em> but a disastrous cavalry Charge of the Light Brigade. Alfred Tennyson writes a poem about it and Charles Dickens writes <em>Hard Times</em>. The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) is nearly over. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 109 | 1858 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Whig), then on 20 February it is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative). US President is James Buchanan (D-Pennsylvania), and thanks to a new trans-Atlantic telegraph cable he is able to exchange greetings with Queen Victoria. Big Ben (the Great Bell) is recast. Charles Dickens embarks on a reading tour of the UK, making 129 appearances. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 110 | 1859 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative) then on 12 June it was Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is James Buchanan. Charles Darwin publishes <em>The Origin of Species</em>. Charles Dickens publishes <em>A Tale of Two Cities</em>. The National Portrait Gallery opens in London. In America, Indian Head cent is minted for the first time. General Post Office builds the first National Standard pillar box. The clock and chimes of the Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster become operational; the great bell is nicknamed "Big Ben" by association with Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 111 | 1860 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is James Buchanan (D-Pennsylvania). The first professional golf tournament is held at Prestwick, Scotland. First records of fish and chip shops in the UK. Charles Dickens's novel <em>Great Expectations</em> is published.<br /><br />In the USA, the 1860 Census shows the population of the USA was 31,443,321, a 35.6% increase since 1850. Abraham Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican Party and in November becomes elected to be the 16th President and first Republican to hold the office. The <em>Pony Express</em> begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California. | 03-Feb-2021 12:21 | |
| 112 | 1863 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois). The American Civil War (1861–1865) rages. The first section of the London Underground Railway (Paddington to Farringdon Street) opens to the public. The Football Association is founded and Laws agreed. Yorkshire County Cricket Club is founded | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 113 | 1864 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), who appoints Ulysses S. Grant commander in chief of all Union armies. The American Civil War (1861–1865) rages on. James Clerk Maxwell concludes that light is an electromagnetic wave. Overarm bowling is legalised in cricket as John Wisden publishes the first <em>Cricketer's Almanac</em>. | 10-Dec-2021 10:50 | |
| 114 | 1865 | <strong>In the UK</strong> Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). The July General Election is won by Lord Palmerston, but the Prime Minister from 29 October is John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (Liberal). Lewis Carroll publishes <em>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</em>. James Clerk Maxwell publishes his <em>Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field</em>; and Joseph Lister discovers carbolic acid has a sterilising effect.<br /><strong>In USA</strong> it is a horrid year. With the American Civil War dominating the headlines, President Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois) is assassinated on April 15 by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee) takes over as President. The U.S. Secret Service is founded. | 10-Dec-2021 10:50 | |
| 115 | 1866 | <strong>In the UK</strong>, the Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (Liberal) until 28th June and after a vote of no-confidence it became Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative). The <em>London Fire Brigade</em> is formed as The Metropolitan Fire Brigade. W. G. Grace (aged 18) scores 224 not out for the All-England cricket team against Surrey at the Oval. Cadbury's start to sell cocoa as a drink.<br /><strong>In the USA,</strong> the President is Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee), who formally declares the Civil War over. The U.S. Congress approves the minting of a nickel 5-cent coin, replacing the half dime. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank of the <em>first General of the Army</em> (equivalent to a modern 5-star General). | 10-Dec-2021 10:50 | |
| 116 | 1869 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal). US President is Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee) and then on March 4 it is Ulysses S. Grant (R-Ohio). First Sainsbury's store is opened at Drury Lane, London. This is the last year that the half-farthing coin was legal tender in the U.K. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 117 | 1872 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal). US President is Ulysses S. Grant (R-Ohio). First patent list issued by the U.S. Patent Office. The first ever final of the FA Cup (the world's oldest football competition), Wanderers F.C. beat Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 118 | 1873 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal). Gladstone actually resigned on 13 March but as the Conservatives could not form a government, he became PM again two days later. US President is Ulysses S. Grant (R-Ohio). The Kennel Club is founded. In the USA, the Coinage Act of 1873 comes into force, ending bimetallism in the U.S. and moving America onto the gold standard. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 119 | 1874 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal), then on 20 February it is Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative). US President is Ulysses S. Grant (R-Ohio). Factory Act establishes 56-hour working week and prevents child chimney sweeps. Thomas Hardy publishes <em>Far from the Madding Crowd</em>. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 120 | 1875 | <strong>In UK</strong>: Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister – Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative). Captain Matthew Webb becomes is the first to swim the English Channel.<br /><strong>In USA</strong>: President is President: Ulysses S. Grant (R-Illinois). Vice President: Henry Wilson (R-Massachusetts) but dies from a stroke on November 22; the position is left vacant. President Grant authorizes issue of a twenty-cent piece, which is abolished 3 years later. Conoco formed as the Continental Oil and Transportation Company. | 23-Jun-2021 10:33 |